Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research
Phone number
+31 (0)222 36 9485
Location
Texel
Function
Senior Research Leader

Prof. Dr. Theunis Piersma

Senior Research Leader

‘The Wadden Sea is a node in a worldwide web’

Migratory bird ecologist Theunis Piersma investigates various wader species. ‘However, I do not restrict my research to just the Wadden Sea. That is because the Wadden Sea mudflats are no more and no less than a link in a far larger system. Via birds such as red knots, Eurasian spoonbills and bar-tailed godwits, the Wadden Sea mudflats are linked with Siberia, Greenland, Southern Europe and West Africa. Through these birds, everything we do here influences what happens elsewhere in the world, and vice versa.’

Bar-tailed godwits have no time to lose

‘One of the birds with such an international effect is the bar-tailed godwit. In the breeding grounds in Siberia, the climate is warming up faster than anywhere else. This means that bar-tailed godwits have to arrive on the tundra earlier and earlier for their chicks to encounter the richest food supplies of insects emerging from the tundra. In the Wadden Sea, we can see this ‘being in a hurry’ by the speed at which the birds replenish their fuel stores in spring, the stores that carries them through 5000 km of nonstop flight to snow-covered tundra. Right here, en route from West Africa, they need to eat about half their body weight, which they mainly do on a diet of lugworms. Now, because the period they can remain here is getting shorter, they often depart underweight and therefore with a higher risk of perishing during the migratory flight.’

Comparison of crucial links

‘Sometimes, you learn the most about your own environment by comparing it with others. We therefore follow various waders on different migratory routes throughout the world, for example by using solar-powered miniature satellite-transmitters which regularly convey the birds’ geographical positions. For instance, we attach transmitters to bar-tailed godwits in the wadden areas of Guinea-Bissau, Mauritania, Oman, North-west Australia and New Zealand. Thanks to that international work, it has become crystal clear how unique the Wadden Sea is. It is a vital link for a great number of birds migrating between the Arctic region and Africa. Such knowledge reveals the global ecological network, but at the same time, it also places a particular responsibility on our shoulders for ensuring that the Wadden Sea is managed well.’

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Interests

Research interests

Habitat selection and distributional ecology; organismal design; marine biology; physiological, behavioural, population and community ecology; evolutionary and molecular ecology; animal migration; evolution. I am a firm adherent of an integrative biology in which the organism in its natural world takes centre stage in the search for evolution-based explanations.

Linked news

Friday 14 February 2025
Information about the entire intertidal Wadden Sea available for research and management
With a recent publication in the journal Scientific Data, NIOZ researchers have made the data from the SIBES research programme from 2008 to 2021 available to the community. In SIBES, all tidal flats in the Dutch Wadden Sea are sampled annually for…
Tuesday 27 February 2024
‘Don’t jump to conclusions on mismatches in nature’
Climate change may speed up the emergence of insects in northern countries at the onset of spring. This may cause breeding birds, migrating from the south, to come too late to benefit from the insect peak if they do not adjust their travel schedules…
Wednesday 03 January 2024
Aquaculture blessing in disguise for migratory waders fueling up in China
On the mudflats along the Chinese coasts where non-destructive forms of aquaculture are practiced, shorebirds like knots and bar-tailed godwits are doing relatively well. That is shown in the dissertation that NIOZ PhD candidate and biologist He-Bo…
Tuesday 21 November 2023
Changing climate homogenizes diversity in migratory birds
Changing climate may slowly erode the difference between two subspecies of bar-tailed godwits. That warning is voiced by bird researchers from the Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ) and the University of Amsterdam (UvA) in the latest…
Thursday 16 November 2023
Succesful sanderlings go for shrimp
Against the trends for many shorebirds, sanderlings have been doing relatively well in the Wadden Sea for the past years. The key to that success lies in the timing of these little birds' main food: shrimp on the mudflats. That is one of the…
Wednesday 12 July 2023
€5.2 million for two nature projects providing an expansion of the WATLAS system
Years have been spent working on a unique technique to track small birds in the western Wadden Sea. Monitoring birds is very important if you want to understand what is changing for life in the Wadden Sea. Especially now that the ecosystem is…
Friday 15 July 2022
BirdEyes; new research centre moved into former Friesland Bank building
BirdEyes is the new centre for interdisciplinary and internationally oriented research and post-Master’s teaching in the field of climate change. It is an initiative of Professor of Migratory Bird Ecology Theunis Piersma (NIOZ and University of…
Monday 07 February 2022
Pacific Ocean as the greatest theater of bird migration
With a surface larger than all the continents together, the Pacific Ocean is the most extreme environment a migratory bird can encounter. Yet there are several bird species that conquer this enormous body of water almost routinely. In the latest…
Monday 18 October 2021
New subspecies of bar-tailed godwit officially recognized
As of today there are no longer just five subspecies of bar-tailed godwits, but six. In the latest issue of the ornithological journal Ibis, a new subspecies is described by an international team of biologists. “Limosa lapponica yamalensis has a…
Tuesday 25 May 2021
Aquaculture turns biodiversity into uniformity along the coast of China
Fishery and aquaculture have given rise to an enormous uniformity in the diversity of bivalves along the more than 18,000 kilometer long Chinese coast, biologist He-Bo Peng and colleagues report in this month’s issue of Diversity and Distributions.

Linked blogs

Monday 11 September 2023
WATLAS fieldwork 2023
Even voorstellen… Mijn naam is Evy Gobbens en ik ben promovendus/PhD kandidaat bij het Koninklijk Nederlands Instituut voor Onderzoek der Zee (NIOZ). Dit houdt in dat ik vier jaar lang onderzoek doe naar wadvogels, en specifiek naar het effect van…
Tuesday 16 May 2023
Ecologisch onderzoek in de Waddenzee, 2023
Onderzoekers van het NIOZ volgen al jaren wat er gebeurt met het leven in de Waddenzee. Sommige datasets zijn al langer dan 30 jaar. Veranderingen in het bodemleven worden in kaart gebracht met het SIBES-project. Elk jaar worden dieren in ruim 5.000…
Wednesday 01 December 2021
A tight knot between exploratory personality, foraging tactics and diet
There is a place on earth where life not only revolves around day and night but also around the tidal cycle. Intertidal mudflats are dynamic and fascinating places that are completely submerged for part of the day and exposed during others. For the…
Wednesday 30 June 2021
NIOZ podcast Van Delta tot Diepzee aflevering 13 Onze blauwe planeet als 'Global Flyway'
In het recent verschenen Amerikaanse boek ‘A World on the Wing’ wordt Theunis Piersma getypeerd als een legende in de wereld van de kustvogels. Hij dankt zijn wereldwijde reputatie ondermeer aan zijn studie aan de vogeltrek, waarbij hij vogels een…
Tuesday 16 October 2018
Waddentrekkers | Wadden Flyways 10
Na twee volle seizoenen met zendergegevens van rosse gruto’s blijft één beeld hangen: dit zijn vogels met haast! De vogels vliegen in één ruk van hun overwinteringsgebieden in West-Afrika naar de Waddenzee, en vervolgens ook in één ruk naar de…
Wednesday 26 September 2018
Waddentrekkers | Wadden Flyways 9
Zo heel af en toe komen er nog signalen van twee gezenderde kanoeten binnen: één vanuit de Banc d’Arguin in Mauritanië en één vanuit steeds hetzelfde plekje in het zuiden van Marokko. Onderzoeksleider Theunis Piersma is nuchter genoeg om te weten wat…
Monday 21 August 2017
Waddentrekkers | Wadden Flyways 8 | Paula is weer thuis
Er gaat niets boven een visuele waarneming. De afgelopen weken heeft de zender van kanoet Paula signalen verstuurd vanuit Canada, Groenland, het noorden van Schotland en de Duitse Waddeneilanden Sylt en Borkum. Uiteindelijk kwamen de signalen deze…
Thursday 03 August 2017
Waddentrekkers | Wadden Flyways 7
De gezenderde kanoet 'Paula' is weer 'gezien', dat wil zeggen de zender heeft weer signalen uitgezonden. Wat is er allemaal gebeurd sinds het laatste contact? | Knot 'Paula' has been 'seen' again, that is her transmitter has transmitted signals .…
Monday 26 June 2017
Waddentrekkers | Waddenflyways 6
Touch-down for bar-tailed godwit '54' - Back to what we know from previous fieldwork
Wednesday 07 June 2017
Waddentrekkers | Waddenflyways 5
Knot Paula: Ellesmere Island, touch down!

NIOZ publications

  • 2024
    Van den Bremer, L.; Piersma, T.; van Turnhout, C. (2024). Does the provisioning of artificial nest cups and nesting structures help House Martins Delichon urbicum? Ardea 112(1): 63-72. https://dx.doi.org/10.5253/arde.2023.a21
    Piersma, T. (2024). Ornithology from the Flatlands. Ardea 112(2): 165-170. https://dx.doi.org/10.5253/arde.2024.a15
    Fokkema, R.W.; van der Velde, E.; Stessens, M.; Bos, D.; Belfín, O.; de Jong, M.E.; Hooijmeijer, C.E.W.; Piersma, T. (2024). Mapping mammalian meadow bird nest predators in a Dutch dairy farming landscape. Eur. J. Wildlife Res. 70(6): 122. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10344-024-01878-0
    Ersoy, S.; Groothuis, T.G.G.; Piersma, T.; Bijleveld, A. (2024). When slow explorers are fast: Personality‐related differences in timing of migration in Red Knots (Calidris canutus). Ibis 166(4): 1146-1156. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ibi.13308
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    de Boer, A.P.; Vansteelant, W.M.G.; Piersma, T. (2024). Primary moult of eurasian Spoonbills Platalea l. leucorodia in the Wadden Sea in relation to age, breeding and migration. Ardea 112(2): 217-227. https://dx.doi.org/10.5253/arde.2023.a19
    Coelho, A.P.; Lopes, P.; Rocha, A.D.; Barros, A.R.; Piersma, T.; Alves, J.A. (2024). Seasonal variation in the diet of migratory shorebirds wintering in the Bijagós Archipelago, Guinea-Bissau. Ardea 112(1): 89-107. https://dx.doi.org/10.5253/arde.2023.a17
    Barba-Escoto, L.; Howison, R.A.; Fokkema, R.W.; Duriaux-Chavarría, J.-Y.; Stessens, M.; van der Velde, E.; Hooijmeijer, C.E.W.; Piersma, T.; Tittonell, P. (2024). Are they even there? How agri-environment schemes investments reach their target species in Dutch dairy-farmland, the case of meadow birds. Global Ecology and Conservation 56: e03286. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03286
    Khandakar, N.; Sultana, I.; Akhtar, F.; Piersma, T.; Das, D.K. (2024). Birds feeding on date palm sap during Bengali traditional sap harvesting on Nijhum Dweep, Bangladesh. Wilson J. Ornithol. 136(4): 485-492. https://dx.doi.org/10.1676/24-00052
    El-Hacen, E.-H.M.; ten Horn, J.; Dekinga, A.; Loos, B.; Piersma, T. (2024). Two decades of change in nonbreeding population sizes of shorebirds and other waterbirds in the Iwik area of Parc National du Banc d’Arguin, Mauritania. Wader Study 131(2): 112–121. https://dx.doi.org/10.18194/ws.00343
    Craft, T.; Piersma, T.; Hooijmeijer, J.C.E.W. ; Zhu, B.-R.; D'Souza, M.; O'Reilly, E.; Fokkema, R.W.; Stessens, M.; Belting, H.; Marlow, C.; Ludwig, J.; Melter, J.; Alves, J.A.; Esteban-Pineda, A.; Gutiérrez, J.S.; Masero, J.A.; Rocha, A.D.; Dreef, C.; Howison, R.A. (2024). Remote sensing and GPS tracking reveal temporal shifts in habitat use in nonbreeding Black‐tailed Godwits. J. Appl. Ecol. early view. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14827
    Belfín, O.; Kempenaers, B.; Piersma, T. (2024). Daily and seasonal use of vocalizations by nesting black‐tailed godwits. J. Avian Biol. early view: e03362. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jav.03362
    Conklin, J.R.; Verkuil, Y.; Lefebvre, M.J.M.; Battley, P.F.; Bom, R.A.; Gill, R.E.; Hassell, C.J.; ten Horn, J.; Ruthrauff, D.R.; Tibbitts, T.L.; Tomkovich, P.S.; Warnock, N.; Piersma, T.; Fontaine, M.C. (2024). High dispersal ability versus migratory traditions: Fine‐scale population structure and post‐glacial colonisation in bar‐tailed godwits. Mol. Ecol. 33(15): e17452. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.17452
    Coelho, A.P.; Rocha, A.D.; de Barros, A.R.; Piersma, T.; Alves, J.A. (2024). An allometric approach to seasonal changes in intake rates of migratory shorebirds in the Bijagós Archipelago, Guinea‐Bissau. Ibis early view. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ibi.13348
    Eren, S.; Beaulieu, A.; Piersma, T.; Crockford, N. (2024). Flyways Beyond Migratory Pathways: The Case of Waterbird Conservation. Conservation & Society 22(2): 74-85. https://dx.doi.org/10.4103/cs.cs_109_22
    Peng, H.-B.; Chan, Y.-C; Huang, Y.; Choi, C.-Y.; Zhang, S.-D; Ren, S.; Hassell, C.J.; Zhu, Z.; Melville, D.S.; Ma, Z.; Lei, G.; Piersma, T. (2024). Intraseasonal movements between staging sites by migrating great knots: Longer distances to alternatives decrease the probability of such moves. Biol. Conserv. 292: 110547. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110547
    Lok, T.; van der Geest, M.; de Goeij, P.; Rakhimberdiev, E.; Piersma, T. (2024). Sex-specific nest attendance rhythm and foraging habitat use in a colony-breeding waterbird. Behav. Ecol. 35(3). https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arae020
    Lemrabott, S.Y.C.; van Leeuwen, A.; Piersma, T.; Braham, C.-B.; Ball, A.C.; Araujo, A.; Olff, H.; El-Hacen, E.-H.M. (2024). The chronology of overfishing in a remote West-African coastal ecosystem. Ecol. Soc. 29(1): 9. https://dx.doi.org/10.5751/es-13902-290109
    Dorofeev, D.; Ivanov, A.V.; Khudyakova, E.; Verkuil, Y.I.; Piersma, T.; Meissner, W. (2024). Biometric variability and sexual size dimorphism in the Great Knot Calidris tenuirostris. The European Zoological Journal 91(1): 64-74. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24750263.2023.2293120
    Ersoy, S.; Beardsworth, C.E; Duran, E.; van der Meer, M.T.J.; Piersma, T.; Groothuis, T.G.G.; Bijleveld, A. (2024). Pathway for personality development: juvenile red knots vary more in diet and exploratory behaviour than adults. Anim. Behav. 208: 31-40. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2023.11.018

Linked projects

Conservation of the dynamic Island of Griend
Supervisor
Theunis Piersma
Funder
Vereniging Natuurmonumenten
Project duration
1 May 2014 - 1 Jul 2020
UUNIOZ_Cascading effects of sea-level rise on intertidal ecosystems
Supervisor
Allert Bijleveld
Funder
Utrecht University
Project duration
1 Jan 2021 - 31 Dec 2025
UUNIOZ_Cascading effects of sea-level rise on intertidal ecosystems
Supervisor
Allert Bijleveld
Funder
Utrecht University
Project duration
1 Jan 2021 - 31 Dec 2025
Conservation of the dynamic Island of Griend
Supervisor
Theunis Piersma
Funder
Vereniging Natuurmonumenten
Project duration
1 May 2014 - 1 Jul 2020
Shorebirds in space
Supervisor
Theunis Piersma
Funder
Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research
Project duration
31 Dec 2011 - 31 Aug 2016
METAWAD: connecting habitat use and survival in migratory shorebirds
Supervisor
Theunis Piersma
Funder
Waddenfonds
Project duration
1 Jan 2011 - 30 Jun 2016
Ontogeny of Migration: disentangling genetic and learned components of migratory routines
Supervisor
Theunis Piersma
Funder
University of Groningen
Project duration
1 Aug 2014 - 31 Aug 2018